- Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
English:
«All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.»
German:
«Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen begabt und sollen einander im Geist der Brüderlichkeit begegnen.»
Luxembourgish:
«All Mënsch kënnt fräi a mat deer selwechter Dignitéit an dene selwechte Rechter op d'Welt. Jiddereen huet säi Verstand a säi Gewësse krut an soll an engem Geescht vu Bridderlechkeet denen anere géintiwwer handelen.»
Dutch:
«Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheid en rechten geboren. Zij zijn begiftigd met verstand en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broederschap te gedragen.»
Afrikaans:
«Alle menslike wesens word vry, met gelyke waardigheid en regte, gebore. Hulle het rede en gewete en behoort in die gees van broederskap teenoor mekaar op te tree.»
Norwegian (Bokmål):
«Alle mennesker er født frie og med samme menneskeverd og menneskerettigheter. De er utstyrt med fornuft og samvittighet og bør handle mot hverandre i brorskapets ånd.»
Norwegian (Nynorsk):
«Alle menneske er fødde til fridom og med same menneskeverd og menneskerettar. Dei har fått fornuft og samvit og skal leve med kvarandre som brør.»
Danish:
«Alle mennesker er født frie og lige i værdighed og rettigheder. De er udstyret med fornuft og samvittighed, og de bør handle mod hverandre i en broderskabets ånd.»
Swedish:
«Alla människor är födda fria och lika i värde och rättigheter. De är utrustade med förnuft och samvete och bör handla gentemot varandra i en anda av broderskap.»
Icelandic:
«Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvisku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.»
Faroese:
«Øll menniskju eru fødd fræls og jøvn til virðingar og mannarættindi. Tey hava skil og samvitsku og eiga at fara hvørt um annað í bróðuranda.»
sábado, 6 de fevereiro de 2010
Germanic Languages
The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European language family.
The most widely spoken Germanic languages are English and German, with approximately 309-400 million and over 100 million native speakers respectively. The group includes other major languages, such as Dutch with 23 million and Afrikaans with over 6 million native speakers; and the North Germanic languages including Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic and Faroese with a combined total of about 20 million speakers.
English: is a West Germanic language that developed in England and south-eastern Scotland during the Anglo-Saxon era. As a result of the military, economic, scientific, political, and cultural influence of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, and of the United States since the mid 20th century, it has become the lingua franca in many parts of the world, and the most prominent language in international business and science. It is used extensively as a second language and as an official language in Commonwealth countries and many international organizations.
English is the official language of several countries and regions all over the world, for instance:
- United Kingdom
- Ireland (along with Irish Gaelic)
- United States of America
- Canada (along with French in Quebec)
- Antigua and Barbuda
- The Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Botswana (along with Tswana)
- Cameroon (along with French)
- Dominica
- Fiji
- The Gambia
- Ghana
- Grenada
- Guyana
- India (along with Hindi and other regional languages)
- Jamaica
- Kenya (along with Swahili)
- Kiribati
- Lesotho (along with Sesotho)
- Liberia
- Madagascar (along with Malagasy and French)
- Malawi
- Malta (along with Maltese)
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritius
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Namibia
- Nauru
- New Zealand
- Nigeria
- Pakistan (along with Urdu)
- Palau
- Papua New Guinea (along with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu)
- Philippines (along with Filipino)
- Rwanda (along with French and Kinyarwanda)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and Grenadines
- Samoa
- Seychelles (along with French)
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore (along with Malay, Chinese and Tamil)
- Solomon Islands
- South Africa (along with Afrikaans, Zulu, Xhosa, Northern Sotho, Tswana, Southern Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda and Southern Ndebele)
- Sudan (along with Arabic)
- Swaziland (along with SiSwati)
- Tanzania (along with Swahili)
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tuvalu
- Uganda (along with Swahili)
- Vanuatu
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
German (Deutsch): is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Globally, German is spoken by approximately 105 million native speakers and also by about 80 million non-native speakers. Standard German is widely taught in schools, universities and Goethe Institutes worldwide.
German is the official language of:
- Germany
- Austria
- Luxembourg (along with French and Luxembourgish)
- Switzerland (along with French, Italian and Romansh)
- Liechtenstein
- Belgium (along with Dutch and French)
Dutch (Nederlands): is a West Germanic language spoken by over 22 million people as a native language, and over 5 million people as a second language.
Dutch is spoken as official language in:
- The Netherlands
- Belgium (along with French and German. The Dutch spoken in Belgium is usually called Flemish)
- Suriname
- Aruba [autonomous region within the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (along with Papiamento)
- Netherlands Antilles [autonomous region within the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (along with Papiamento and English)
Afrikaans: is a Germanic language originating from the Dutch spoken by settlers in the seventeenth century and thus is classified as Low Franconian West Germanic.
Afrikaans is the majority language of the western third of South Africa (Northern and Western Cape, in which it is spoken at home by 68% and 55% of the population, respectively). It is also the most common first language in the adjacent southern third of Namibia (Hardap and Karas, where it is the first language of 44% and 40% of the population, respectively).
Afrikaans and Dutch are largely mutually intelligible.
Afrikaans is spoken as first language by 5.98 million speakers.
It's spoken in:
- South Africa (along with English, Zulu, Xhosa, Northern Sotho, Tswana, Southern Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda and Southern Ndebele)
- Namibia (where it is recognised as a regional language)
Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergesch): Luxembourgish belongs to the West Central German group of High German languages and is the primary example of a Moselle Franconian language. It's spoken by about 390,000 people.
Luxembourgish is the official language of Luxembourg (along with German and French)
Norwegian (Norsk): is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants. As established by law and governmental policy, there are two official forms of written Norwegian – Bokmål (literally "book language") and Nynorsk (literally "new Norwegian"). The Norwegian Language Council recommends the terms "Norwegian Bokmål" and "Norwegian Nynorsk" in English.
Norwegian is spoken as first language by 5,033,469 people.
It's the official language of Norway.
Danish (Dansk): ) is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages), a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken by around 6 million people, mainly in Denmark.
It's the official language of:
- Denmark
- Greenland [autonomous region within the Kingdom of Denmark] (along with Kalaallisut, also known as Greenlandic)
- Faroe Islands [autonomous region within the Kingdom of Denmark] (along with Faroese)
Swedish (Svenska): is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the Åland islands. It is to a considerable extent mutually intelligible with Norwegian and to a lesser extent with Danish (see especially "Classification"). Along with the other North Germanic languages, Swedish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Era.
It's spoken in:
- Sweden
- some parts of Finland (along with Finnish)
Icelandic (Íslenska): is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland. Its closest relatives are Faroese and certain Norwegian dialects such as Telemark dialect and Sognamål.
It's approximately spoken by 350,000 people and it's the only official language of Iceland.
Faroese (Føroyskt): is a West Nordic or West Scandinavian language spoken by 48,000 people in the Faroe Islands and about 25,000 Faroese in Denmark and elsewhere.
The most widely spoken Germanic languages are English and German, with approximately 309-400 million and over 100 million native speakers respectively. The group includes other major languages, such as Dutch with 23 million and Afrikaans with over 6 million native speakers; and the North Germanic languages including Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic and Faroese with a combined total of about 20 million speakers.
English: is a West Germanic language that developed in England and south-eastern Scotland during the Anglo-Saxon era. As a result of the military, economic, scientific, political, and cultural influence of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, and of the United States since the mid 20th century, it has become the lingua franca in many parts of the world, and the most prominent language in international business and science. It is used extensively as a second language and as an official language in Commonwealth countries and many international organizations.
English is the official language of several countries and regions all over the world, for instance:
- United Kingdom
- Ireland (along with Irish Gaelic)
- United States of America
- Canada (along with French in Quebec)
- Antigua and Barbuda
- The Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Botswana (along with Tswana)
- Cameroon (along with French)
- Dominica
- Fiji
- The Gambia
- Ghana
- Grenada
- Guyana
- India (along with Hindi and other regional languages)
- Jamaica
- Kenya (along with Swahili)
- Kiribati
- Lesotho (along with Sesotho)
- Liberia
- Madagascar (along with Malagasy and French)
- Malawi
- Malta (along with Maltese)
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritius
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Namibia
- Nauru
- New Zealand
- Nigeria
- Pakistan (along with Urdu)
- Palau
- Papua New Guinea (along with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu)
- Philippines (along with Filipino)
- Rwanda (along with French and Kinyarwanda)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and Grenadines
- Samoa
- Seychelles (along with French)
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore (along with Malay, Chinese and Tamil)
- Solomon Islands
- South Africa (along with Afrikaans, Zulu, Xhosa, Northern Sotho, Tswana, Southern Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda and Southern Ndebele)
- Sudan (along with Arabic)
- Swaziland (along with SiSwati)
- Tanzania (along with Swahili)
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tuvalu
- Uganda (along with Swahili)
- Vanuatu
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
German (Deutsch): is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Globally, German is spoken by approximately 105 million native speakers and also by about 80 million non-native speakers. Standard German is widely taught in schools, universities and Goethe Institutes worldwide.
German is the official language of:
- Germany
- Austria
- Luxembourg (along with French and Luxembourgish)
- Switzerland (along with French, Italian and Romansh)
- Liechtenstein
- Belgium (along with Dutch and French)
Dutch (Nederlands): is a West Germanic language spoken by over 22 million people as a native language, and over 5 million people as a second language.
Dutch is spoken as official language in:
- The Netherlands
- Belgium (along with French and German. The Dutch spoken in Belgium is usually called Flemish)
- Suriname
- Aruba [autonomous region within the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (along with Papiamento)
- Netherlands Antilles [autonomous region within the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (along with Papiamento and English)
Afrikaans: is a Germanic language originating from the Dutch spoken by settlers in the seventeenth century and thus is classified as Low Franconian West Germanic.
Afrikaans is the majority language of the western third of South Africa (Northern and Western Cape, in which it is spoken at home by 68% and 55% of the population, respectively). It is also the most common first language in the adjacent southern third of Namibia (Hardap and Karas, where it is the first language of 44% and 40% of the population, respectively).
Afrikaans and Dutch are largely mutually intelligible.
Afrikaans is spoken as first language by 5.98 million speakers.
It's spoken in:
- South Africa (along with English, Zulu, Xhosa, Northern Sotho, Tswana, Southern Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Venda and Southern Ndebele)
- Namibia (where it is recognised as a regional language)
Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergesch): Luxembourgish belongs to the West Central German group of High German languages and is the primary example of a Moselle Franconian language. It's spoken by about 390,000 people.
Luxembourgish is the official language of Luxembourg (along with German and French)
Norwegian (Norsk): is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants. As established by law and governmental policy, there are two official forms of written Norwegian – Bokmål (literally "book language") and Nynorsk (literally "new Norwegian"). The Norwegian Language Council recommends the terms "Norwegian Bokmål" and "Norwegian Nynorsk" in English.
Norwegian is spoken as first language by 5,033,469 people.
It's the official language of Norway.
Danish (Dansk): ) is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages), a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken by around 6 million people, mainly in Denmark.
It's the official language of:
- Denmark
- Greenland [autonomous region within the Kingdom of Denmark] (along with Kalaallisut, also known as Greenlandic)
- Faroe Islands [autonomous region within the Kingdom of Denmark] (along with Faroese)
Swedish (Svenska): is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the Åland islands. It is to a considerable extent mutually intelligible with Norwegian and to a lesser extent with Danish (see especially "Classification"). Along with the other North Germanic languages, Swedish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Era.
It's spoken in:
- Sweden
- some parts of Finland (along with Finnish)
Icelandic (Íslenska): is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland. Its closest relatives are Faroese and certain Norwegian dialects such as Telemark dialect and Sognamål.
It's approximately spoken by 350,000 people and it's the only official language of Iceland.
Faroese (Føroyskt): is a West Nordic or West Scandinavian language spoken by 48,000 people in the Faroe Islands and about 25,000 Faroese in Denmark and elsewhere.
quinta-feira, 28 de janeiro de 2010
Listen to some Romance Languages
Portuguese (Portugal)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Castellano (Spain)
French
Romanian
Catalan
Galician
Romansh
Italian
Portuguese (Brazil)
Castellano (Spain)
French
Romanian
Catalan
Galician
Romansh
Italian
domingo, 17 de janeiro de 2010
Sample Text in Romance Languages
«All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.»
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Spanish / Español:
«Todos los seres humanos nacen libres e iguales en dignidad y derechos y, dotados como están de razón y conciencia, deben comportarse fraternalmente los unos con los otros.»
Portuguese / Português:
«Todos os seres humanos nascem livres e iguais em dignidade e em direitos. Dotados de razão e de consciência, devem agir uns para com os outros em espírito de fraternidade.»
French / Français:
«Tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux en dignité et en droits. Ils sont doués de raison et de conscience et doivent agir les uns envers les autres dans un esprit de fraternité.»
Italian / Italiano:
«Tutti gli esseri umani nascono liberi ed eguali in dignità e diritti. Essi sono dotati di ragione e di coscienza e devono agire gli uni verso gli altri in spirito di fratellanza.»
Romanian / Român:
«Toate fiinţele umane se nasc libere şi egale în demnitate şi în drepturi. Ele sunt înzestrate cu raţiune şi conştiinţă şi trebuie să se comporte unele faţă de altele în spiritul fraternităţii.»
Catalan / Català:
«Tots els éssers humans neixen lliures i iguals en dignitat i en drets. Són dotats de raó i de consciència, i han de comportar-se fraternalment els uns amb els altres.»
Galician / Galego:
« Tódolos seres humanos nacen libres e iguais en dignidade e dereitos e, dotados como están de razón e conciencia, díbense comportar fraternalmente uns cos outros.»
Occitan / Occitan:
«Totei leis umans nàisson libres. Son egaus per la dignitat e lei drechs. An totei una reson e una consciència. Se dèvon tenir freirenaus leis uns 'mé leis autres.»
Romansh / Rumantsch:
«Tuots umans naschan libers ed eguals in dignità e drets. Els sun dotats cun intellet e conscienza e dessan agir tanter per in uin spiert da fraternità.»
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Spanish / Español:
«Todos los seres humanos nacen libres e iguales en dignidad y derechos y, dotados como están de razón y conciencia, deben comportarse fraternalmente los unos con los otros.»
Portuguese / Português:
«Todos os seres humanos nascem livres e iguais em dignidade e em direitos. Dotados de razão e de consciência, devem agir uns para com os outros em espírito de fraternidade.»
French / Français:
«Tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux en dignité et en droits. Ils sont doués de raison et de conscience et doivent agir les uns envers les autres dans un esprit de fraternité.»
Italian / Italiano:
«Tutti gli esseri umani nascono liberi ed eguali in dignità e diritti. Essi sono dotati di ragione e di coscienza e devono agire gli uni verso gli altri in spirito di fratellanza.»
Romanian / Român:
«Toate fiinţele umane se nasc libere şi egale în demnitate şi în drepturi. Ele sunt înzestrate cu raţiune şi conştiinţă şi trebuie să se comporte unele faţă de altele în spiritul fraternităţii.»
Catalan / Català:
«Tots els éssers humans neixen lliures i iguals en dignitat i en drets. Són dotats de raó i de consciència, i han de comportar-se fraternalment els uns amb els altres.»
Galician / Galego:
« Tódolos seres humanos nacen libres e iguais en dignidade e dereitos e, dotados como están de razón e conciencia, díbense comportar fraternalmente uns cos outros.»
Occitan / Occitan:
«Totei leis umans nàisson libres. Son egaus per la dignitat e lei drechs. An totei una reson e una consciència. Se dèvon tenir freirenaus leis uns 'mé leis autres.»
Romansh / Rumantsch:
«Tuots umans naschan libers ed eguals in dignità e drets. Els sun dotats cun intellet e conscienza e dessan agir tanter per in uin spiert da fraternità.»
Romance Languages
The Romance Languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all the languages that descend from Latin.
The six most widely spoken Romance languages are: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian and Catalan. But there're many other Romance languages, like Galician, Occitan, Romansh, and so on.
Spanish (Castilian): It's spoken as first language by 329 million people all over the world and it's the official language of several countries and states, just like:
- Spain
- Mexico
- Colombia
- Argentina
- Venezuela
- Chile
- Ecuador
- Guatemala
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Bolivia
- Honduras
- El Salvador
- Nicaragua
- Costa Rica
- Paraguay
- Puerto Rico
- Uruguay
- Panama
- Equatorial Guinea
It's also widely spoken is some region of the USA and other countries.
Portuguese: It's spoken as first language by a total of 200 million people. It's the official language of several:
- Portugal
- Brazil
- Mozambique
- East Timor
- Angola
- Cape Verde
- Guinea-Bissau
- São Tomé & Príncipe
It's also spoken in Macau (People's Republic of China) and there's a significant number of Portguese speakers in countries like Andorra, Luxembourg, Argentina, Australia, Germany, France, Switzerland, Venezuela, South Africa and so on.
French: It's spoken as first language by 110 million people all over the world and it's the official language of:
- France
- Belgium (allong with Flemish)
- Luxembourg (allong with Luxembourgish and German)
- Switzerland (allong with German, Italian and Romansh)
- Monaco
- Democratic Republic of Congo
- Canada (allong with English)
- Madagascar
- Cameroon
- Côte d'Ivoir
- Burkina Faso
- Niger
- Senegal
- Mali
- Rwanda
- Guinea
- Chad
- Haiti
- Burundi
- Benin
- Togo
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Gabon
- Comoros
- Djibouti
- Vanuatu
- Seychelles
And it's also widely spoken in French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Mayotte, and so on.
Italian: It's spoken as first language by 70 million people and it's the official language of:
- Italy
- San Marino
- Vatican
- Switzerland (allong with German, French and Romansh)
There's a significant of Italian speakers in France, USA, Canada, Germany and so on.
Romanian: It's spoken as first language by 24 million people and it's the official language of:
- Romania
- Moldova
It's also spoken in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia) and some regions of Ukraine, Bulgaria, Hungary and so on.
Catalan: It's spoken as first language by 9.2 million people and it's the official language of Andorra and some regions of Spain: Catalonia, Valencia, Balearic Islands and so on. It's also spoken in the French region of Eastern Pyrenees department and in the Italian city of Alghero.
Galician: It's spoken as first language by 3 million people in Galicia (Spain) and some regions in South America.
Occitan: It's spoken as first language by 1 million people in Occitania (Southern France), Occitan Valleys of Italy, Monaco and Aran Valley of Spain.
Romansh: It's spoken as first language 35,095 people in Switzerland, more exactly in the canton of Graubünden (Grisons).
The six most widely spoken Romance languages are: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian and Catalan. But there're many other Romance languages, like Galician, Occitan, Romansh, and so on.
Spanish (Castilian): It's spoken as first language by 329 million people all over the world and it's the official language of several countries and states, just like:
- Spain
- Mexico
- Colombia
- Argentina
- Venezuela
- Chile
- Ecuador
- Guatemala
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Bolivia
- Honduras
- El Salvador
- Nicaragua
- Costa Rica
- Paraguay
- Puerto Rico
- Uruguay
- Panama
- Equatorial Guinea
It's also widely spoken is some region of the USA and other countries.
Portuguese: It's spoken as first language by a total of 200 million people. It's the official language of several:
- Portugal
- Brazil
- Mozambique
- East Timor
- Angola
- Cape Verde
- Guinea-Bissau
- São Tomé & Príncipe
It's also spoken in Macau (People's Republic of China) and there's a significant number of Portguese speakers in countries like Andorra, Luxembourg, Argentina, Australia, Germany, France, Switzerland, Venezuela, South Africa and so on.
French: It's spoken as first language by 110 million people all over the world and it's the official language of:
- France
- Belgium (allong with Flemish)
- Luxembourg (allong with Luxembourgish and German)
- Switzerland (allong with German, Italian and Romansh)
- Monaco
- Democratic Republic of Congo
- Canada (allong with English)
- Madagascar
- Cameroon
- Côte d'Ivoir
- Burkina Faso
- Niger
- Senegal
- Mali
- Rwanda
- Guinea
- Chad
- Haiti
- Burundi
- Benin
- Togo
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Gabon
- Comoros
- Djibouti
- Vanuatu
- Seychelles
And it's also widely spoken in French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Mayotte, and so on.
Italian: It's spoken as first language by 70 million people and it's the official language of:
- Italy
- San Marino
- Vatican
- Switzerland (allong with German, French and Romansh)
There's a significant of Italian speakers in France, USA, Canada, Germany and so on.
Romanian: It's spoken as first language by 24 million people and it's the official language of:
- Romania
- Moldova
It's also spoken in the region of Vojvodina (Serbia) and some regions of Ukraine, Bulgaria, Hungary and so on.
Catalan: It's spoken as first language by 9.2 million people and it's the official language of Andorra and some regions of Spain: Catalonia, Valencia, Balearic Islands and so on. It's also spoken in the French region of Eastern Pyrenees department and in the Italian city of Alghero.
Galician: It's spoken as first language by 3 million people in Galicia (Spain) and some regions in South America.
Occitan: It's spoken as first language by 1 million people in Occitania (Southern France), Occitan Valleys of Italy, Monaco and Aran Valley of Spain.
Romansh: It's spoken as first language 35,095 people in Switzerland, more exactly in the canton of Graubünden (Grisons).
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